Adhesives and Glues
Wood glues, woodworking glues and glue guns are used for structural adhering and bonding. Wood glues are made out of either epoxy, polyurethane, urea formaldehyde or pva, and are ideal for bonding of wood together.
Titebond Wood Glue
The original aliphatic resin glue provides a strong initial tack and fast speed of set to reduce clamp time. Creates a stronger bond than the wood itself. Ideal for wood hardboard particle board leather cloth and most other porous materials. Non-Toxic and cleans up with water.
Titebond II is Wood Glue is the only leading brand, one-part wood glue that passes the ANSI Type II water-resistance specification. It is ideal for exterior woodworking projects, including outdoor furniture, birdhouses, mailboxes, planters and picnic tables. Titebond II Premium provides a strong initial tack, fast speed of set, superior strength and excellent sandability. It is FDA approved for indirect food contact (cutting boards) and is ideal for radio frequency (R-F) gluing systems.
Titebond III is non-toxic, solvent free and cleans up with water - safer to use than traditional waterproof wood glues. It provides strong initial tack, sands easily without softening and is FDA approved for indirect food contact (cutting boards). The ultimate in wood glues - ideal for both interior and exterior applications.
There are also a number of wood glues by Weldwood (Resorcinol and Plastic Resin), System Three, Gorilla Glue, and more.
Wood Glues - Uncovered
When it comes to choosing the right wood glue for your project, the choices are distinct. There are a number of chemically different adhesives, varying in shelf life, adhesion, working times, clean up and cost, amongst other traits. This guide should help even the novice woodworker choose which glue is right for his or her application.
Two Part Epoxies - Epoxy is a versatile adhesive since it is a "two part system." Actually, one can add fillers, thickeners and pigments, making it a multicomponent system. Epoxy Resin is general composed of either a petroleum or a oilly-wood extract. The hardener, which comes in a variety of speeds and viscosities, is an amine component which is mixed in either a volume or a weight ratio with the resin, depending on the system. Fillers can vary from wood based to fiberglass based, and also differ in strength, density and sandibility. Pros:
waterproof when cured (ideal for boatbuilding), versatile, long working time, high tensile strength, heat resistant (up to 175-200 degrees F), good on number of substrates (not just wood), good for oilly wood, long shelf life
Cons: expensive, unforgiving to use and when mixing, difficult to cleanup, long cure time, requires more safety equipment than some other wood glues
Examples: West System, MAS Epoxies, System Three Resins
5 Minute Epoxy - Similar to the general two part epoxies, but with quicker cure time and pot life. Some brands are water proof, some are not. All 5 minute epoxies are a 1:1 mix ratio, by volume. Some lines claim that fillers can be added.
Pros: quick curing, short clamp time, easy to mix, good on a number of substrates
Cons: quick curing, less work time, not as strong, only System Three and MAS are waterproof, not good for larger applications
Examples:WEST System G-5, Quick Cure,
MAS Rapid Cure, Permatex 5 Minute Epoxy
Urea Formaldehyde Glues - Urea-Formaldehyde glues comes as either a one part or two part system. It creates a high strength, rigid seal upon curing and is ideal for adhering curved or bent structures. It is a waterproof system when cured, but water-soluable when uncured (making it easy to clean up).
Pros: easy to use, long cure time, ideal for veneers, cures at room temperature, less expensive than epoxy
Cons: contains formaldehyde - thus good ventilation, respirators, and gloves are highly suggested, long clamp time, shorter shelf life than epoxy
Examples: Resorcinol Glue (Two-part), Weldwood Plastic Resin Glue (one-part, mixed with water)
Polyurethane Glues - A long open time, one-part system, polyurethanes are simple and easy to use. It is ideal for laminations of pourous materials. Polyurethanes are water proof, but moistening the surface before adhering aids in curing.
Pros: cheaper than epoxies, easy to clean up, water resistant, one-part, easy to use
Cons: stains skin (gloves suggested), excess glue needs to chiseled out, more expensive than "Yellow Glues", requires moist substrates
Examples: Gorilla Glue, System Three Glue, Titebond HiPURformer
PVA Workshop Glues - Also know as yellow glue. PVAs are ideal for exterior woodworking that doesn't require a "waterproof" bond. Easy to work with, to clean up and to sand.
Pros: Inexpensive, simple wood glue, ideal for most furniture making applications, quick cure time
Cons: Less bond adhesion, lower tensile strength, water-resistant though not at all waterproof, short open time
Examples: Titebond II Premium and Titebond III Ultimate
Penetrating Epoxy Systems - not often used for adhering wood, these epoxies are use primarily in sealing wood. They strengthen the wood, and are ideal for treating rotten wood. Also used as in paint prep with complicated systems like Awl Grip
Examples:Smith CPES, Git Rot, End Rot
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