Make sure wood surface is clean, dry and free from any finish. Sand wood surface with fine sandpaper. Use Circa 1850 Wood Conditioner on soft woods and end grains prior to staining to assure uniform color. Apply Circa 1850 Fine Wood Stain with a brush or cloth. Wait 10 minutes then wipe off any excess. Clean up brushes, cloths, hands, etc., with warm water. Apply a second coat after 12 hours. Let dry for 24 hours prior to applying any finish.